Exercise boosts neuron growth and enhances learning! | (व्यायाम न्यूरॉन्स को बढ़ने, अध्ययन करने में मदद करता है )

Main Points In Hindi (मुख्य बातें – हिंदी में)

1. व्यायाम के प्रभाव: एमआईटी इंजीनियरों ने इस अध्ययन में पाया कि व्यायाम से मांसपेशियों और न्यूरॉन्स में विकास को बढ़ावा मिलता है, जो मायोकिन्स नामक जैव रासायनिक संकेतों की रिहाई द्वारा होता है। ये संकेत न्यूरॉन्स की वृद्धि को चार गुना तक बढ़ा देते हैं।

2. भौतिक और जैव रासायनिक प्रभाव: शोध में बताया गया है कि व्यायाम का शारीरिक प्रभाव, जैसे मांसपेशियों का खिंचाव और संकुचन, भी न्यूरॉन्स के विकास को प्रोत्साहित करता है। यह दोनों प्रकार के प्रभाव (जैव रासायनिक और यांत्रिक) मिलकर तंत्रिका विकास में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाते हैं।

3. संभावित चिकित्सा उपयोग: इस शोध के निष्कर्ष विशेष रूप से तंत्रिका चोटों या न्यूरोडीजेनेरेटिव रोगों, जैसे कि एएलएस, के इलाज में प्रासंगिक हो सकते हैं। मांसपेशियों को उत्तेजित करने से तंत्रिकाओं की मरम्मत और गतिशीलता बहाल करने की संभावना है।

4. भविष्य के अनुसंधान: शोधकर्ताओं का लक्ष्य यह जानना है कि कैसे लक्षित मांसपेशी उत्तेजना का उपयोग नर्व क्षति की मरम्मत और बिना गतिशीलता खोए व्यक्तियों में सुधार करने के लिए किया जा सकता है।

5. अनुसंधान विधियाँ: अध्ययन में, शोधकर्ताओं ने आनुवंशिक रूप से मांसपेशियों को संशोधित किया और प्रकाश के माध्यम से व्यायाम का अनुकरण किया। वे यह भी जांच कर रहे हैं कि यह दृष्टिकोण मांसपेशियों और तंत्रिकाओं के बीच संचार को कैसे प्रभावित कर सकता है।

Main Points In English(मुख्य बातें – अंग्रेज़ी में)

Here are the main points of the article:

1. Exercise Boosts Neuronal Growth: MIT engineers discovered that exercise releases biochemical signals called myokines from contracting muscles, which significantly enhance neuronal growth, with neurons exposed to myokines growing four times faster than those that are not.

2. Mechanical and Biochemical Signaling: The study indicates that not only biochemical signals but also the physical effects of exercise (like stretching and contracting) promote nerve growth, highlighting a critical link between muscles and neurons.

3. Therapeutic Implications: The findings suggest potential therapeutic applications for treating nerve injuries and neurodegenerative diseases (like ALS), as stimulating muscles may aid in nerve recovery and restore mobility in affected individuals.

4. Future Research Directions: The research team plans to investigate targeted muscle stimulation techniques to repair damaged nerves and improve motor function, expanding on their previous studies where muscle tissues were stimulated to restore mobility in mice with muscle injuries.

5. Experimental Setup and Results: The researchers developed a method to simulate exercise in vitro, using genetically modified muscle tissues that responded to light. They found that both myokine exposure and mechanical stimulation through muscle contractions led to significant neuronal growth, underscoring the importance of both biochemical and mechanical pathways in neuronal development.

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Complete News In Hindi(पूरी खबर – हिंदी में)

Complete News In English(पूरी खबर – अंग्रेज़ी में)

Researchers Find Exercise Boosts Muscle and Neuron Growth

MIT engineers have discovered that exercise benefits both muscles and individual neurons. During exercise, when muscles contract, they release biochemical signals called myokines. These signals stimulate neurons that are exposed to them to grow four times faster compared to those that don’t encounter these signals.

Furthermore, neurons respond to the physical effects of exercise. Specifically, being stretched and contracted, similar to muscle activity, promotes growth just as effectively as biochemical signals. This research underscores the significant biochemical and physical impact that exercise has on nerve development.

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This is the first study showing that both biochemical signals and physical effects from exercise can enhance nerve development, highlighting an important connection between muscles and nerves. The findings have potential therapeutic implications, especially for treating nerve injuries or neurodegenerative diseases.

Ritu Raman, an assistant professor of mechanical engineering at MIT, stated, "Now that we know this muscle-nerve cross-talk exists, it could be helpful in treating nerve injuries, where communication between nerves and muscles is disrupted. By stimulating the muscles, we can encourage the nerve to heal and help those who have lost mobility due to trauma or neurodegenerative diseases."

After demonstrating that muscle exercise promotes nerve growth at the cellular level, the team plans to explore how targeted muscle stimulation can help repair damaged nerves.

Their goal is to understand how this approach can restore mobility in individuals suffering from neurodegenerative diseases like ALS, which disrupt nerve-muscle communication. This research could pave the way for new treatments to repair nerve damage and improve motor functions.

In 2023, Ritu Raman and her team successfully restored mobility in mice with muscle injuries by implanting and stimulating muscle tissues using light. Over time, the grafted muscles helped the mice regain motor functions comparable to healthy mice.

They found that exercise prompted the grafted muscles to produce biochemical signals that promote nerve and blood vessel growth.

Initially, Raman and her team wondered if other factors like the immune system affected the influence of muscles on nerve growth. To test this, they focused solely on muscle and nerve tissues in their new study. They examined the direct effects of exercise on nerve growth by developing muscle cells from mice into long fibers attached to mature muscle tissue.

The team genetically modified the muscle tissues to contract in response to light, allowing them to simulate repeated exercise by flashing light to stimulate the muscles. Raman had previously developed a special gel mat to support the muscle tissues and prevent tearing during exercise.

After stimulating the muscles, the researchers collected samples of the surrounding solution, expecting it to contain myokines—biochemical signals like growth factors, RNA, and proteins that can promote nerve growth.

They transferred the myokine solution from the exercised muscles to a separate dish containing motor neurons developed from mouse stem cells. After exposure to the myokine mixture, the neurons grew four times faster than those not receiving the solution. Raman noted that the growth was both rapid and significant.

To further investigate, the researchers conducted genetic analyses by extracting RNA from the neurons to see if myokines triggered changes in the expression of specific neuronal genes, shedding light on the biochemical effects driving this increased growth.

Raman remarked, "We observed that in exercise-stimulated neurons, many genes were up-regulated, which were related not only to neuron growth but also to neuron maturation, how well they communicate with muscles and other nerves, and how mature their axons are. Exercise seems to influence both neuron growth and their maturation and functionality."

The researchers then considered whether the physical effects of exercise—beyond the biochemical signals—could also promote nerve growth. Since neurons are physically connected to muscles and experience stretching when the muscles move, they hypothesized that mimicking these mechanical forces might also impact the neurons.

To test this, they developed motor neurons on a gel mat supported by small magnets. They used an external magnet to move the mat, simulating the stretching and movement experienced by muscles during exercise.

They "exercised" the neurons for 30 minutes a day. Surprisingly, they found that this mechanical stimulation caused the neurons to grow as much as those exposed to myokines and significantly more than untreated neurons.

Raman stated, "This is a good sign because it tells us that both the biochemical and physical effects of exercise are equally important."

Journal Reference:

Angel Boo, Firdous Afga, Nicholas Castro, Mahira Bawa, Sonika Kohli, Karina Shah, Brandon Rios, Vincent Butti, Ritu Raman. "Activating the Extracellular Matrix Mitigates the Mechanical and Biochemical Effects of Muscle Contraction on Motor Neurons." Advanced Healthcare Materials. DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202403712

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