Main Points In Hindi (मुख्य बातें – हिंदी में)
यहाँ कुछ मुख्य बिंदु दिए गए हैं जो इस पाठ में महत्वपूर्ण हैं:
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कार्बन टैक्स का कार्यान्वयन: डेनमार्क ने एक नया कर स्थापित किया है जो 2030 से किसानों से उनके उत्पादन में उत्पन्न कार्बन डाइऑक्साइड के लिए शुल्क लेगा। यह शुरुआत में प्रति टन 300 डेनिश क्रोनर और 2035 तक 750 क्रोनर तक बढ़ेगा।
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कृषि प्रदूषण की चिंताएँ: कृषि क्षेत्र के प्रदूषण को कम करने के लिए यह उपाय महत्वपूर्ण है, क्योंकि वैश्विक खाद्य प्रणाली ग्रीनहाउस गैसों का एक चौथाई हिस्सा उत्सर्जित करती है। इसके माध्यम से, किसानों को स्वच्छता के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया जाएगा।
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राजनीतिक संघर्ष और विरोध: इस प्रकार के करों का कार्यान्वयन विभिन्न राजनीतिक दलों के बीच तकरार का कारण बना है। कृषि लॉबी और पर्यावरण समर्थकों के बीच संतुलन बनाना एक चुनौती है।
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किसानों की प्रतिक्रिया और अनुकूलन: डेनिश किसान पर्यावरणीय प्रभावों को कम करने के लिए विभिन्न तकनीकों और प्रक्रियाओं को अपनाने के लिए तैयार हैं, जैसे कि फ़ीड एडिटिव्स का उपयोग करना और मीथेन उत्सर्जन को कम करने के उपाय।
- फसल विविधता और भविष्य की दिशा: प्रक्रिया में, डेनमार्क का कृषि क्षेत्र भविष्य की खाद्य सुरक्षा और स्थिरता के लिए फसल विविधता पर विचार कर रहा है, जिससे पौधों की पैदावार में वृद्धि और कम प्रदूषण संतुलित हो सके।
Main Points In English(मुख्य बातें – अंग्रेज़ी में)
Here are 5 main points based on the provided text regarding Denmark’s agricultural policies and environmental concerns:
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Agriculture contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions globally, accounting for about a quarter of food system emissions. This necessitates difficult choices regarding diets, jobs, and industry reforms to mitigate these emissions, especially in the face of climate change impacts.
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Denmark’s Carbon Tax Initiative: Denmark has implemented a carbon tax targeting methane emissions from livestock. Starting in 2030, farmers will be charged a tax based on the amount of carbon dioxide equivalent they produce, with rates projected to increase significantly by 2035. This measure faced intense political debate and lobbying from agricultural interests.
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Resistance and Compromise: The proposed measures, including a methane tax and stricter regulations, have encountered resistance from the farming lobby. Nonetheless, compromises were made within the government, resulting in a plan that offers incentives and subsidies to help farmers adjust over time.
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Economic and Environmental Balance: Farmers like Jens Christian Sørensen are exploring methods to optimize milk production while managing methane emissions. They are implementing technology to track livestock health and productivity, indicating a shift towards sustainable farming practices that meet both economic demands and environmental responsibilities.
- Future of Agriculture in Denmark: The discussion extends to the broader question of how Denmark will manage its land for livestock versus more sustainable agricultural practices. There is a growing recognition among farmers that a balance must be struck between animal agriculture and the cultivation of crops for human consumption to align with environmental sustainability goals.
Complete News In Hindi(पूरी खबर – हिंदी में)
Complete News In English(पूरी खबर – अंग्रेज़ी में)
Here’s a simplified version of the passage:
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Don’t worry about the pork belly chunks in her shopping cart; she planned to cook them with potatoes and parsley on that rainy evening. “Comfort food,” she said shyly.
Recently, there was a butcher shop at the Torvehallerne food market in central Copenhagen. While meat consumption is stable in Europe, it is increasing worldwide.
This initiative is part of a larger plan to reduce agricultural pollution in Denmark and restore some farmland to its natural state, such as peatland, which is very effective at storing greenhouse gases but has been drained for crops for decades.
Denmark’s approach is also relevant for agricultural powers, including the United States, as they face pressure to balance the needs of a powerful agricultural lobby with calls to reduce farm pollution.
Globally, the food system contributes to a quarter of greenhouse gas emissions, requiring tough choices about diets, jobs, and industries to lower those emissions. Farmers are sensitive to climate change threats, like extreme heat, drought, and flooding, and the agricultural sector needs to address these issues.
It’s not surprising that efforts to reduce agricultural climate emissions have faced strong resistance from Brussels to New Delhi to Wellington. In New Zealand, for instance, the government proposed a burp tax in 2022 but ultimately scrapped it.
Even Denmark’s measure went through intense political debate. Experts proposed several options, including a high tax that farmers strongly opposed. When the government designed a plan to give farmers time and subsidies to reduce their taxes to zero, environmental activists criticized it for being too lenient.
Outside the government office, where last-minute negotiations were held, a protest sign read, “Food for people, not feed for animals.”
As a group of teenagers passed by some protestors, they shouted, “I like meat!”
Ultimately, the measure was passed in November. Starting in 2030, the tax will charge farmers 300 Danish kroner (about $72) for every ton of carbon dioxide their operations produce. By 2035, the tax will more than double to 750 kroner.
However, unlike carbon taxes for other sectors, farmers will automatically receive a 60% discount because, as the government’s green transition minister, Jeppe Bruus, stated, there is currently no technology to completely eliminate methane emissions from livestock. Discounts will increase for farmers using feed additives to reduce methane or those sending pig manure to machines that pipe methane into the gas grid.
Bruus mentioned that the goal of the pollution tax is to change behaviors.
The government, negotiating the tax, included the center-right party Venstre, which has traditionally supported farmers’ interests.
The largest dairy cooperative in Europe, Arla Foods, is on board. Company officials said they don’t necessarily support the tax, but the compromise is manageable for dairy farmers. CEO Peder Tuborg noted, “They understand they need to do this; they want to do this. They know it protects their reputation while still enabling them to produce.”
Dairy farmer Jens Christian Sørensen, who supplies Arla Foods, is working to manage the milk and methane emissions from his farm, which has about 300 dairy cows and 360 calves that also contribute to methane emissions.
He recognizes that to maximize milk production, he must keep his animals healthy and has invested in sensors that alert him if any cow is unwell. He closely monitors their food intake and milk production.
He hopes to add a chemical supplement used in other European countries to reduce methane emissions. Sørensen believes that agriculture must clean up its environmental record, stating, “The dairy industry must address this too. It’s not the end of our business.”
His confidence comes from growing global demand. Two-thirds of Danish butter is exported, and half of all milk powder. Global dairy consumption has increased over the last two decades and is expected to grow, especially as poorer countries become wealthier.
Sørensen mentioned, “People want their children to have milk.”
Over the past 30 years, meat and dairy consumption has remained relatively stable across Europe. Sørensen’s four children are much less interested in eating meat, particularly beef, than he was at their age.
Denmark is home to five times as many pigs and cattle as people.
Swend Brodersen, an organic farmer, has more limited options as he cannot use feed additives. Unlike Sørensen’s cows, which stay in stables, Brodersen’s animals roam in fields and their manure enriches the land. Instead, he has planted trees on some of his cropland to absorb carbon dioxide and produce sellable fruit like apples and pears.
Yet, he supports the carbon tax, seeing it as a chance to show the world that farming doesn’t need to cause excessive pollution. “Without the tax, everyone would just keep doing what they did before.”
A larger, tougher dilemma still looms: Will Denmark keep dedicating so much of its land to cows and pigs?
Brodersen is weighing that decision himself. He hopes to use a large portion of his land for growing more plants for human consumption, while using a smaller portion for dairy farming. “You need cows in nature,” he said. “But you have to balance how much milk and how many vegetables to produce.”
This article originally appeared in The New York Times.
Author: Somini Sengupta
Photos by: Charlotte de la Fuente
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©2024 New York Times
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